Post Independence India
2nd Edition
9355323476
·
9789355323477
© 2023 | Published: February 21, 2023
OverviewHistory being an integral subject for UPSC, this book has enormous importance to the Prelim and Main candidates. Since 2013, Post-Independence India has emerged as a significant part of the UPSC and state PSCs exam syllabus. In it, special at…
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About the Authors
From the Authors of the Book
Foreword
POST-INDEPENDENCE INDIA
Introduction
Chapter 1 India on the Eve of Independence
Legacy of the British Rule
Polity
Law and Administration
Education
Society
Economy
Legacy of the National Movement
Faith in the Capacity of the Masses
Principles of Non-Violence and Non-Aggression
Civil Libertarian and Democratic Ideals
Right to Dissent and Right to Minority Opinion
Self-Reliant Development with Equality and Justice
Commitment to Egalitarian Society
Faith in Secularism
Vision of a United India
Internationalism and Independent Foreign Policy
High norms of Politics and Political Behavior
Capacity to Change with Changing Times
Chapter 2 Constitution of India 17
Making of the New Constitution
Precursor to Indian Constitution
(Government of India Act of 1935)
Constituent Assembly
Role of Cabinet Mission Plan
Composition of the Constituent Assembly
Status of the Constituent Assembly
Work of the Constituent Assembly
Constitution of India
Salient Features of the Constitution
Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic,
Republic
Universal Adult Franchise
Union of States
Relative Flexibility
Written Constitution
Main Provisions
Preamble
Fundamental Rights
Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs)
Fundamental Duties
Union Government
Government in the States and Union Territories
Local government
Services under the Union and the States
‘Basic Structure’ of the Constitution
Chapter 3 Nehru Era (1947–1964)
Independence Day (15th August)
First Cabinet of Independent India (First
Nehru Ministry, 15th August 1947-15th April 1952)
Challenges of Nation Building
Challenge #1- Consolidating India as a Nation
Rehabilitation of Refugees
Integration of Princely States
Dealing with Linguistic Diversity
Integration of Tribals
Challenge #2- Establishing a Democratic Polity
Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles
Parliamentary System
Electoral System
Federalism
Secularism in India
Establishment of Democratic Institutions
Establishment of Civil Administration
Challenge #3- Socio-Economic Development
Planned Development
Development of Industry
Development of Agriculture (Land Reforms and Rural Development)
Development of Science and Technology
Social Development
Development of India’s Foreign Policy
Non Aligned Movement (NAM)
Relations with Pakistan
Kashmir Issue
Indus River Water Dispute
US Aid to Pakistan
Relations with China
China’s Aggression in Tibet (1950)
China’s Aggression in India (India-China War 1962)
Death of Jawaharlal Nehru (27th May 1964)
Evaluation of Jawaharlal Nehru
Chapter 4 Shastri Years (June 1964–1966)
Important Events during Shastri Years
Setting up of PMO
Indo-Pak War (August -September 1965)
Tashkent Declaration (4th January 1966)
Chapter 5 Indira Years (1966-1977, 1980-84)
(Decline and Restoration of the Congress system)
Early Years (1966-1969)
Food Imports and Currency Devaluation
Formation of Separate Sikh State (November 1966)
4th General Elections (1967)
Rise and Growth of the Naxalite Political Movement
Bumper Crop (1968)
Indira Years (1969-77)
Indira vs. the ‘Syndicate’
Congress Split (1969)
5th General Elections (1971)
Bangladesh Crisis (December 1971)
Shimla Declaration (June 1972)
Maruti Limited Controversy (June 1971)
Indira Gandhi implements left-of center Agenda
Pokhran Nuclear Test (18th May 1974)
Background to the Emergency (1971-75) and
J.P. Movement (1974)
Emergency (26th June 1975)
Lifting of Emergency and 6th General
Elections (1977)
Janata Interregnum (1977-1979)
7th General Elections (Mid-term, January 1980)
Return of Indira Gandhi (1980-84)
Punjab Crisis
Assam Crisis
Special Note: Technological Reforms (mid-1960s) and the Green Revolution
Chapter 6 Rajiv Gandhi to Narasimha Rao (1984-1996)
Rajiv Gandhi (1984-1989)
8th General Elections (1984)
9th General Elections (1989)
Era of Multi-Party Alliance System (1989-2014)
National Front government (led by V.P. Singh, 1989-90)
Section of National Front government (led by
Chandra Shekhar, 1990-1991)
10th General Elections (1991)
Narasimha Rao (1991-1996)
Special Note- Economic Liberalisation in India (also known as Economic Reforms/ New Economic Policy/ Industrial Policy of 1991)
Economic Crisis of 1991
Economic Liberalisation in India
Why LPG?
LPG Reforms
Liberalisation
Privatisation
Globalisation
Impact of LPG
Impact on Economy
Impact on Polity
Impact on Society
Impact on Culture
Other Implications of Economic
Liberalisation in India
Chapter 7 Atal Bihari Vajpayee to Manmohan Singh (1996–2014)
11th General Elections (1996)
United Front Government (1996-1998)
12th General Elections (February 1998)
NDA government (March 1998- October 1999)
Pokhran II (11th-13th May 1998)
Delhi-Lahore Bus service (19th February 1999)
Kargil War (May-July 1999)
The 1989-98 decade: An Analysis
13th General Elections (September-October 1999)
NDA government (1999-2004)
Golden Quadrilateral (March 2000)
Bill Clinton’s visit to India (March 2000)
Chittisinghpura Massacre (Anantnag, 20th March 2000)
Agra Summit (14th-16th July 2001)
Parliament Attack (13th December 2001)
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA, 2000-2001)
Ram Mandir Agitation (December 2001-March 2002)
Gujarat Riots (Godhra, February-March 2002)
Further Push to Economic Reforms (2002-2004)
14th General Elections (April-May 2004)
UPA government (2004-2014)
Formation of National Advisory Council (4th June 2004)
Legislations in the field of Women Empowerment
Sachar Committee (March 2005)
Indian Economy touches new heights (2007)
Liberalisation, Mining, and Impact on Environment: An Analysis
Appendix
Previous Years’ Questions
From the Authors of the Book
Foreword
POST-INDEPENDENCE INDIA
Introduction
Chapter 1 India on the Eve of Independence
Legacy of the British Rule
Polity
Law and Administration
Education
Society
Economy
Legacy of the National Movement
Faith in the Capacity of the Masses
Principles of Non-Violence and Non-Aggression
Civil Libertarian and Democratic Ideals
Right to Dissent and Right to Minority Opinion
Self-Reliant Development with Equality and Justice
Commitment to Egalitarian Society
Faith in Secularism
Vision of a United India
Internationalism and Independent Foreign Policy
High norms of Politics and Political Behavior
Capacity to Change with Changing Times
Chapter 2 Constitution of India 17
Making of the New Constitution
Precursor to Indian Constitution
(Government of India Act of 1935)
Constituent Assembly
Role of Cabinet Mission Plan
Composition of the Constituent Assembly
Status of the Constituent Assembly
Work of the Constituent Assembly
Constitution of India
Salient Features of the Constitution
Sovereign, Socialist, Secular, Democratic,
Republic
Universal Adult Franchise
Union of States
Relative Flexibility
Written Constitution
Main Provisions
Preamble
Fundamental Rights
Directive Principles of State Policy (DPSPs)
Fundamental Duties
Union Government
Government in the States and Union Territories
Local government
Services under the Union and the States
‘Basic Structure’ of the Constitution
Chapter 3 Nehru Era (1947–1964)
Independence Day (15th August)
First Cabinet of Independent India (First
Nehru Ministry, 15th August 1947-15th April 1952)
Challenges of Nation Building
Challenge #1- Consolidating India as a Nation
Rehabilitation of Refugees
Integration of Princely States
Dealing with Linguistic Diversity
Integration of Tribals
Challenge #2- Establishing a Democratic Polity
Fundamental Rights and Directive Principles
Parliamentary System
Electoral System
Federalism
Secularism in India
Establishment of Democratic Institutions
Establishment of Civil Administration
Challenge #3- Socio-Economic Development
Planned Development
Development of Industry
Development of Agriculture (Land Reforms and Rural Development)
Development of Science and Technology
Social Development
Development of India’s Foreign Policy
Non Aligned Movement (NAM)
Relations with Pakistan
Kashmir Issue
Indus River Water Dispute
US Aid to Pakistan
Relations with China
China’s Aggression in Tibet (1950)
China’s Aggression in India (India-China War 1962)
Death of Jawaharlal Nehru (27th May 1964)
Evaluation of Jawaharlal Nehru
Chapter 4 Shastri Years (June 1964–1966)
Important Events during Shastri Years
Setting up of PMO
Indo-Pak War (August -September 1965)
Tashkent Declaration (4th January 1966)
Chapter 5 Indira Years (1966-1977, 1980-84)
(Decline and Restoration of the Congress system)
Early Years (1966-1969)
Food Imports and Currency Devaluation
Formation of Separate Sikh State (November 1966)
4th General Elections (1967)
Rise and Growth of the Naxalite Political Movement
Bumper Crop (1968)
Indira Years (1969-77)
Indira vs. the ‘Syndicate’
Congress Split (1969)
5th General Elections (1971)
Bangladesh Crisis (December 1971)
Shimla Declaration (June 1972)
Maruti Limited Controversy (June 1971)
Indira Gandhi implements left-of center Agenda
Pokhran Nuclear Test (18th May 1974)
Background to the Emergency (1971-75) and
J.P. Movement (1974)
Emergency (26th June 1975)
Lifting of Emergency and 6th General
Elections (1977)
Janata Interregnum (1977-1979)
7th General Elections (Mid-term, January 1980)
Return of Indira Gandhi (1980-84)
Punjab Crisis
Assam Crisis
Special Note: Technological Reforms (mid-1960s) and the Green Revolution
Chapter 6 Rajiv Gandhi to Narasimha Rao (1984-1996)
Rajiv Gandhi (1984-1989)
8th General Elections (1984)
9th General Elections (1989)
Era of Multi-Party Alliance System (1989-2014)
National Front government (led by V.P. Singh, 1989-90)
Section of National Front government (led by
Chandra Shekhar, 1990-1991)
10th General Elections (1991)
Narasimha Rao (1991-1996)
Special Note- Economic Liberalisation in India (also known as Economic Reforms/ New Economic Policy/ Industrial Policy of 1991)
Economic Crisis of 1991
Economic Liberalisation in India
Why LPG?
LPG Reforms
Liberalisation
Privatisation
Globalisation
Impact of LPG
Impact on Economy
Impact on Polity
Impact on Society
Impact on Culture
Other Implications of Economic
Liberalisation in India
Chapter 7 Atal Bihari Vajpayee to Manmohan Singh (1996–2014)
11th General Elections (1996)
United Front Government (1996-1998)
12th General Elections (February 1998)
NDA government (March 1998- October 1999)
Pokhran II (11th-13th May 1998)
Delhi-Lahore Bus service (19th February 1999)
Kargil War (May-July 1999)
The 1989-98 decade: An Analysis
13th General Elections (September-October 1999)
NDA government (1999-2004)
Golden Quadrilateral (March 2000)
Bill Clinton’s visit to India (March 2000)
Chittisinghpura Massacre (Anantnag, 20th March 2000)
Agra Summit (14th-16th July 2001)
Parliament Attack (13th December 2001)
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA, 2000-2001)
Ram Mandir Agitation (December 2001-March 2002)
Gujarat Riots (Godhra, February-March 2002)
Further Push to Economic Reforms (2002-2004)
14th General Elections (April-May 2004)
UPA government (2004-2014)
Formation of National Advisory Council (4th June 2004)
Legislations in the field of Women Empowerment
Sachar Committee (March 2005)
Indian Economy touches new heights (2007)
Liberalisation, Mining, and Impact on Environment: An Analysis
Appendix
Previous Years’ Questions
Overview
History being an integral subject for UPSC, this book has enormous importance to the Prelim and Main candidates. Since 2013, Post-Independence India has emerged as a significant part of the UPSC and state PSCs exam syllabus. In it, special attention has been paid to the requirements of new aspirants and content has been built from scratch without making any assumptions regarding previous knowledge. To guide the readers, pedagogical tools such as bolding, highlighting and illustrations have been liberally used. Analysis and special notes on important events have been provided, keeping in view the increasing tendency to ask concept-based questions.
Second Edition includes details on important topics such as Integration of Tribals in the Post-Independence Era and various Popular Movements that arose during the 1970s. The content of the book is relevant as they have been developed after thorough analysis of the current syllabus and the types of questions asked.
Key Features
• One point solution for content related to post-India Independence
• Various pedagogical elements for better accessibility
• The revised edition has important topics such as Integration of Tribals in the Post-Independence Era and various Popular Movements that arose during the 1970s
• Previous Years’ Question papers for better practice
History being an integral subject for UPSC, this book has enormous importance to the Prelim and Main candidates. Since 2013, Post-Independence India has emerged as a significant part of the UPSC and state PSCs exam syllabus. In it, special attention has been paid to the requirements of new aspirants and content has been built from scratch without making any assumptions regarding previous knowledge. To guide the readers, pedagogical tools such as bolding, highlighting and illustrations have been liberally used. Analysis and special notes on important events have been provided, keeping in view the increasing tendency to ask concept-based questions.
Second Edition includes details on important topics such as Integration of Tribals in the Post-Independence Era and various Popular Movements that arose during the 1970s. The content of the book is relevant as they have been developed after thorough analysis of the current syllabus and the types of questions asked.
Key Features
• One point solution for content related to post-India Independence
• Various pedagogical elements for better accessibility
• The revised edition has important topics such as Integration of Tribals in the Post-Independence Era and various Popular Movements that arose during the 1970s
• Previous Years’ Question papers for better practice